Anthropogenic Global Warming ... how hot is it ?

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In May 2025, atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels reached a record-breaking 430.5 parts per million (ppm), the highest in human history and likely in over 2 million years, according to measurements from the Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii, a global benchmark for atmospheric monitoring since 1958.

This milestone, reported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, reflects a 3.6 ppm increase from May 2024, driven by unprecedented fossil fuel emissions, deforestation, and reduced carbon absorption by natural sinks like forests due to wildfires and land-use changes.

CO2, the primary human-caused greenhouse gas, traps heat, intensifying global warming and fueling extreme weather events like heatwaves, droughts, and floods. It also contributes to ocean acidification, harming marine ecosystems.

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