Conspiracy Theories, and the Role they play in U.S. Culture

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After the commercially successful music group The Beatles were well established in American markets a conspiracy theory began to spread that musician and band member Paul McCartney was dead.
Ostensible clues were culled from The Beatles extensive body of work, to support the snowballing rumor mill.
Vinyl LP Magical Mystery Tour included a track named I Am The Walrus which included the lyric "I'm very bored."
Conspiracy theorists counter-claimed the actual lyric was "I buried Paul."

The purpose of this particular conspiracy theory? Beatles fans interacting, enjoying the creative impulse? Promoting record sales?
...

It didn't stop there.
Other conspiracy theories addressed who killed JFK, was NASA's Apollo moon landing a hoax, and more.

What drives this genre of human communication?
What are the sociological and political implications?

Heard any good ones lately?
 
After the commercially successful music group The Beatles were well established in American markets a conspiracy theory began to spread that musician and band member Paul McCartney was dead.
Ostensible clues were culled from The Beatles extensive body of work, to support the snowballing rumor mill.
The one I remember is that if you played one of their records backwards you could hear "Paul is dead"
 
"The one I remember is that if you played one of their records backwards you could hear "Paul is dead"" S2 #2
It's one of the more intricate ones I can recall. Another example, on The Magical Mystery Tour album cover Paul is the Beatle in the black walrus costume. Silly. There are other examples in the "Paul is dead" conspiracy theory.

And there are other conspiracy theories, including:

- NASA's Apollo moon landings were faked.

More recently:
- on the death of Diana, Princess of Wales
- body doubles for Saddam Hussein, Vlad Putin, etc
- Trump won the 2020 election.

When these myths circulate among the rabble, they're relatively inconsequential. But not always.

Some advocate, and or seem to believe anthropogenic climate change is a conspiracy theory, promoted by those that stand to gain: solar-cell manufacturers for example.

In the new millennium, skepticism isn't merely a personality quirk, it's an essential adulthood skill.
 
Regarding the cab / limo driver that killed Princess Di :
"It appears her driver was drunk (not just buzzed but hammered)." S2 #4
And the rumors spiral from there:
- why was he drunk that night?
- Who paid to get him drunk?
- many etceteras

Conspiracy theories tend to be internally consistent and correlate with each other; they are generally designed to resist falsification either by evidence against them or a lack of evidence for them. They are reinforced by circular reasoning: both evidence against the conspiracy and absence of evidence for it are misinterpreted as evidence of its truth. Stephan Lewandowsky observes "This interpretation relies on the notion that, the stronger the evidence against a conspiracy, the more the conspirators must want people to believe their version of events." As a consequence, the conspiracy becomes a matter of faith rather than something that can be proven or disproven.

More at Wikipedia
 
OK
MAGA hasn't promoted this one yet, guess I'll have to beat them to it.

For reasons that are for the moment "undisclosed",
Joe Biden decided a female U.S. president was something he should undertake to make happen.

Biden didn't want this to interfere with his own ambitions, but he determined to accomplish it if he could.

As Senator he ingratiated himself among other Senators, one of whom, Barack Obama decided himself to run for president, needed a running mate, and chose Joe.
Joe served in the executive branch for 8 years, Biden gaining experience beyond the decades of legislative experience he already had.

Then after the U.S. had its fill of horrid executive leadership under President Trump, Biden himself moved in to challenge President Trump. BUT !!
Biden seized his opportunity, and selected a woman, Kamala Harris to be his VP running mate.

There SHE gained the kind of VP / exec. experience Joe had gained under Obama.

And then with a blend of genuine adversity and historic engineering Biden suddenly dropped out of the race, not leaving the Democrats time to select and nominate another White man as their candidate.

So by early next year, the first female president of the United States.

Right?

Or does that not even qualify as a conspiracy theory?
 
Danny Jones Podcast: The NASA / Apollo manned moon landing never happened, couldn't happen.

Here's the link:

This technological achievement is being disputed ostensibly on technological grounds. By technical experts? That know what they're talking about?

Amusing perspective, but this conspiracy theory raises more questions than it answers.

The expertise of the advocate? Quotation from the link:
"10 years later atomic bombs are 1,000 times more powerful."
Nuclear weapons have indeed reportedly evolved to be more powerful than the vintage used to end WWII. BUT !

Those dropped on Japan were A-bombs, "atomic" bombs.
The nukes that comprise today's nuclear arsenal are not A-bombs, they're H-bombs. The conspiracy theorist and ostensible technological expert should know the difference. Apparently not.

More fundamentally, NASA's race to the moon was of course a way to make good on President JFK's commitment to do so. BUT !
It was also the U.S. / West's way of demonstrating Western rocketry (technological) superiority over the Soviets. Why was rocketry significant?
Because ICBM's, Inter-Continental Ballistic Missiles are rockets.
The Cold War idea was, by demonstrating our proficiency, instead of winning a nuclear war against the Soviets, we can discourage, prevent it by accomplishing what the Soviets could not.

But there's something more fundamental about it than that.
This conspiracy theory isn't a quibble over a few percent one way or another. Their assertion is an order of magnitude more fuel would be required than was available on the Saturn 5.

IF that were the case, the Soviets would have known. They had rocket scientists too.
The U.S. had Skylab.
The Soviets had Mir, similar first gen. orbiting human habitation of space.

For this conspiracy theory to be believed, we would also have to believe the Soviets never bothered to do the math, check fundamental NASA / Apollo feasibility.
As the space race was surrogate to the arms race

There are other loose ends here.
NASA not merely communicated w/ Command and LEM modules, but even broadcast video from the moon.
At least one commercial broadcaster covered / carried this historic once in 500 years epic historic exploration.
Such radio transmission could not have come from Earth (if the entire undertaking was fake) without such falsification being readily detectable.
And it wasn't just Apollo 11.

Apollo 17​

Sixth and most recent crewed Moon landing
Apollo 17

Summary​

Apollo 17 (December 7–19, 1972) was the eleventh and final mission of NASA's Apollo program, the sixth and most recent time humans have set foot on the Moon. ... More from Wikipedia

If all this was an elaborate hoax, the entire solar system is in on it.
The "moon rocks" brought back for study in terrestrial laboratories? Dug from an abandoned mine Northwest of Albuquerque?

And if NASA's Apollo was a hoax, how do we explain the corroborating missions from India, China, and others?

Review this chart: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_space_travel_by_nationality

Over 50 other nations are listed here. Would these conspiracy theorists have us believe they're ALL in on it?

And if Apollo is a hoax, how was the expertise acquired to go to Mars with multiple rovers, etc. Review the extensive content of NASA's site.


If it is a hoax, it's a candidate for the most elaborate and enduring hoaxes in all human history.

And why bother? The Cold War is over. We won. Time to move on. Ockham's Razor
 
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